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The Metropolitan Cattle Market (later Caledonian Market), just off the Caledonian Road in the parish of Islington (now the London Borough of Islington) was built by the City of London Corporation and was opened in June 1855 by Prince Albert. The market was supplementary to the meat market at Smithfield and was established to remove the difficulty of managing live cattle at that latter site. ==History== The market was designed by the corporation's architect, James Bunstone Bunning. He had previously drawn up plans to rebuild the cattle market at Smithfield, before the Corporation decided to remove the trade in live animals to a site outside the City itself. The market originally covered of the site and grounds of Copenhagen House (previously a pleasure resort and tea garden). It occupied most of the land between Hungerford Road and Hartham Road (north), Caledonian Road (east), Brandon Road and Blundell Street (south) and York Way (west) and its construction cost the Corporation £300,000. Market Road, North Road, Shearling Way and Brewery Road were internal roads within the market area. The site was chosen for its proximity to the goods yards of the newly opened Great Northern Railway and North London Railway to the north of Kings Cross station. Livestock could be conveniently transported to the depots before being driven the short distance up York Way to the market or walked down from Junction Road railway station. On market days in excess of 15,000 animals could be traded. The central market area was arranged in a rectangle with stalls and pens for cattle, sheep and pigs and a tall central clock tower. Dealers' offices were arranged in the central area and slaughter houses were close by. The market was enclosed by cast iron railings, the columns of which were topped with cast iron heads of the animals traded. The railings remain but the heads were removed many years ago. At each of the corners of the main area, large market pubs provided accommodation and entertainment for those visiting the market. The pubs were named ''The Lion'', ''The Lamb'', ''The White Horse'' and ''The Black Bull''. Today, three of the four remain and, with the clock tower, are listed structures. A fifth pub, ''The Butchers Arms'', built to a similar design, was located at the south-west corner of the market site at the junction of York Way and Brewery Road. The building remains. In the early 20th century, as the trade in live animals diminished, a bric-a-brac market developed, which after the Second World War transferred south of the river to become the New Caledonian or Bermondsey Market. The markets finally closed in 1963. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Metropolitan Cattle Market」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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